Beginner's Perspective

A long-time student wrote the following essay a few years ago after completing his first year of training with us. Thank you, sir...sorry it took me so long to put it up!

Reflecting on my First Year of Training in Pekiti-Tirsia

The following is not intended to be a philosophical dissertation or an intellectual exercise. Rather, it is a portrayal of my serendipitous discovery of Pekiti-Tirsia and my thoughts, feelings, and experiences during my first year of training. I felt the need to share this with our Pekiti-Tirsia family with the hope of relating to those who started before me, to remind them of the challenges of a new student, and those who started after me, just incase they are having similar experiences and feel uneasy about it!

It was January 2001, I was continuing my training in taekwondo, TKD, and Aikido, holding a 1^st degree black belt in TKD, getting ready to test for my 2^nd in a few months, and a 1^st degree in Aikido. I was feeling pretty good about it, having put in many years of training and having the black belts to show for it! At the same time, however, I was searching for other arts to help round out what I had learned through Karate (many years earlier), Aikido, and TKD. I felt a strong need to learn “something else”. I thought about and tried a number of options:

• Karate (Japanese): been there, done that; when I was an undergrad student, too much like TKD, minus the kicks!
• Wing Chun: had one class with a Chinese practitioner, and thought it could be a good option, provided I could find a good school/instructor.
• Krav Maga: a few sessions were more than enough! I thought it was good aerobics, but I found it to be dangerous in a number of ways; but that could be subject of a paper by itself!!
• Tai Chi: Took several classes, I did like the flow and the meditative aspect, but learning the long form after a couple of classes seemed a bit too much. I realized it did have martial priciples behind it, but thought that transition from the stylistic to a combative approach would not be easy, necessary from a self-defense prespective.

Whatever I felt to be missing certainly was not getting discovered through my ever increasing portfolio of TKD Poomses (Korean for kata or form), which I never liked anyway, or the never ending turns, falls, and dives of Aikido, not to mention tripping over my hakama all the time (the traditional baggy Aikido/Samurai skirt-like pants)!

And then I discovered Pekiti-Tirsia, not through extensive research or expert recommendations, but pure chance! It was not that long ago, January 2001, when I noticed a Martial Arts school while driving home from work. I did not manage to catch the full signage as I drove by, but did notice the words “South East Asia”. That was enough to raise my curiosity. Through my training and studies I was aware of many of the major countries relative to martial arts, such as China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, India, and others; but South East Asia? I had heard of Modern Arnis and Escrima, but did not know much about them, however, I had a feeling there was more!

The following week, after I had finished teaching my TKD class on a Saturday afternoon, I stopped by the school to check it out. Unfortunately it was closed, the sign on the window read, “Warrior Arts of South East Asia, -Pekiti-Tirsia, Kali”. I looked through the glass window to see what the school was like. Well, it was unlike any school that I had ever visited or trained at, looking very bare and lacking the usual trappings found in martial arts schools, such as training dummies, BOB, Bully, punching bags, thick cushy floor mats or any other training tools or toys. What I did see was a bare, well-worn thin red carpet, some blades on the wall, as well as blades and sticks resting on the floor. There were also many pictures, flags, masks, other artifacts, and letters/diplomas, which I could not read from behind closed doors, hanging on the walls. I really was at a loss trying to imagine what this school was about, it did not fit the usual mold, but it certainly peeked my curiosity even further. I wrote down the phone number and decided to call the school to find out more.

After a few phone tags, I connected with a Jeff Davidson who offered to give me a free training session. A week later, on a Friday evening, I arrived at the school for my free training. I was greeted by an unassuming individual, introducing himself as Guro Jeff Davidson. As he led me to a backroom for my private lesson, I walked past four students performing some knife drills, moving in unusual ways, and performing stabbing and slashing moves on their partners. The thought going through my mind was “this really looks strange”, but reminded myself to keep an open mind and avoid passing judgment too quickly; knowing other arts can make one judgmental, especially when people possess “black belts”!

OK, I am finally there, one-on-one with Guro. He starts off by asking me what other arts I have studied. He then gives me an opportunity to defend myself against punches and knife attacks using any of the techniques I knew from previous training. Piece of cake, I thought! So he starts coming at me, not necessarily fast, while I attempted to block and counter as they came. There was one minor issue, the attacks were not coming at me in the structured, rehearsed patterns that I was used to while working with my cooperative training partners. After a while I was totally frustrated, and Guro sensing my frustration switched roles. Now I am attacking him; he instructs me to come at him as fast as I like, punch, kick (remember I am a TKD guy) and knife attacks; now I am thinking “time to make my point, let me get a shot on this guy”. Here we go again, I am coming as fast as I can, but not getting to the targets, getting counter-attacked on every attempt, and losing my weapon every time, when I used one!! OK, I get it, he made his point, much of what I have spent years training does not seem to be working very well! Now what? Next, Guro starts to discuss a few of the Pekiti-Tirsia principles, what he explained seemed to contradict most, if not all, the principles I had been taught over the years! Now I am really confused. Somewhere between the confusion and the frustration experienced during a 45-minute session I decided to sign up.

The first few classes felt extremely awkward for many reasons. Over the course of a few classes, I started to see the regulars at the school. Many of them appeared stand-offish towards the new students. Some students would try to instruct during the practice drills, fully recognizing that some of them did not know what they were talking about (I was used to that, having been a TKD instructor myself), but I went with the flow anyway. I felt a number of challenges relative to the different aspects of Pekiti-Tirsia:

Principles - The biggest challenge I was facing was not the techniques, the new ways of fluid movement, the dances (bungas), steps, or the body turns and shifts, rather, it was the constant contradictions against all the principles I was taught over the years, such as blocking and countering, solid/rooted stances, focusing and putting everything into a single powerful technique, fully extended techniques, muscular tension to create power, chambering of techniques, training for fighting through constant practice of poomses, and many more!! Pekiti-Tirsia seemed fluid, I liked it, but I knew it would take a while for me to re-program (de-program) after all those years of poomses and one-steps. It seemed hard, and took some time for Guro to stop me from breaking some old habits, such as chambering my techniques, and starting my punches at the hip!

Sense of Belonging - Another challenge for me was lacking a feeling of belonging and being accepted by the group. I was showing up for classes fairly regularly in the first several months, as my schedule allowed it; but I never felt a true sense of belonging or being part of the group. This was just how it felt. Gradually, it started to feel different, I felt better about being there, felt a better connection with the various instructors and most of the students, and started to have a better sense for what was being taught and what was going on.

Finite vs. Infinite – Another aspect of having trained in other arts is realizing that most arts have fairly limited facets and capabilities, although often being presented as having unlimited potential! I would like to see, e.g., a true Aikidoka show how they would kick (although I hear Ueshiba did practice kicks) or see a traditional TKD practitioner do a knife disarm, although some TKD schools do attempt to incorporate weapon techniques. On the other hand, having been exposed to only what I have seen in my first year of Pekiti-Tirsia training, I fully recognize I have not even scratched the surface. I do understand some of the principles and recognize that they provide infinite possibilities, without necessarily having to document and practice every single one of those possibilities.

Attitude – It took a while for me to realize that Pekiti-Tirsia was not just about knowing the moves and techniques, rather a big part of Pekiti-Tirsia was understanding and developing the necessary attitude, ranging from meditative to pure animal instincts! Not exactly a requirement for doing katas!

There are many other aspects relative to the myths and traditions promoted through most other martial arts, but the points raised here do provide a general outline of the issues and challenges I experienced. But please keep in mind that these were mostly due to my training in other arts, and some of the baggage I brought in with me.

Here I am, a year after I started Pekiti-Tirsia, have learned more concepts, techniques, and principles than I ever did over all the years of training in all other arts combined. I started my Pekiti-Tirsia training because of my frustration with the other arts, which were not providing the necessary challenges and learning opportunities that I was looking for. The variety and range of concepts, principles, and techniques covered in the systems we practice is providing me with everything I was looking for, and more. I have stopped looking for that elusive “next art” needed to help further round out my skills!

Due to my schedule, job and family commitments, I am unable to attend classes as often as I used to, and I miss that. I do, however, look forward to every class that I can attend, and leave every session satisfied that I learn something new, or learn more about something I thought I knew already. What I have learned over the course of my first year of Pekiti-Tirsia training has given me a solid foundation to better understand and deal with new concepts and situations, in very practical ways. By the way, after all those years of training I never did master those jump/flying/spin kicks to the head!!!

MABUHAY PEKITI-TIRSIA!

F.K.

Wisdom of the Ages - Pt. 1

Photo courtesy of Mohd Nadzrin Wahab

Below are some time-honored words of wisdom from the Indo/Malay martial arts tradition. Thanks to Bram, Kris, Nadzrin, Reno, et. al. Read and apply...


"Sepandai-pandai tupai melompat ada saatnya jatuh juga."
As clever as a squirrel jumps, there will be a time that it falls (traditional Malay).

"Alam takambang jadi guru"
Nature unfurls to become teacher (traditional Padang)

"Sura dira jaya ning rad lebur dening pangastuti."
The brave and strong and victorious in this universe disolve before the power of love. (old Jawanese)

"Aja adigang, adigung, adiguna"
Don't flaunt your strength, your size or your intelligence. (Old Jawanese)

"Aja dumeh."
Don't do some thing just because you can. (Old Jawanese)

"Tong kosong nyaring bunyinya"
Empty barrel makes loud noise. (Malay)

"Sadumuk batuk, senyari bumi, dibela tekan pati."
One touch of the forehead, one finger width of land, both must be defended till death. (Jawanese)

"Segenggam itu kepunyaan guru"
"The masters use only few"

"Kecik kecik tak nak mampus, dah besar menyusahkan orang"
"You better off dead while you were little".

*best said when you were doing a kuncian on your enemy *

"Kalau kail panjang sejengkal,dalam lautan jangan diduga"
"know your place"

"Gayung bersambut, kata berjawab"
An attack parried, a word replied; good begets good, evil begets evil.

"Gayung tua, gayung memutus"
Words of the wise are normally the right ones.

"Orang bergayung sama pandai, sama bak kundi atas dulang"
Both highly skilled; both warriors.

"Bersilat kepada si buta"
Performing silat for the blind. (Showing your skills for those who can't appreciate it.)

"Cakak sudah, silat teringat"
Silat recalled after the fight. (After the matter has been settled, then come the complaints.)

"Pendekar elak jauh"
A person who is very careful.

"Tidak ada pendekar yang tak bulus, tak ada juara yang tak kalah"
No pendekar has never missed, no champion has never lost.

"Bagai gembala diberi keris"
As a shepherd given a keris. (A useless gift.)

"Berapa panjang sarung begitulah kerisnya"
Long as the sheath is, so too is the keris. (Doing something within one's own limits.)

"Berkeras tidak berkeris"
Taking tough action but with no strength to defend oneself.

"Hujan emas perak di negeri orang; hujan keris lembing di negeri kita; baik juga di negeri kita"
Though it rains gold and silver in another land; and rains kerises and spears in ours, better be our own land.
(No matter how rich and prosperous another country is, your homeland is where you belong.)

"Jangan menghulurkan hulu keris ke tangan orang"
Never offer the hilt of your keris to another hand
(This is an actual taboo of silat, to avoid giving a keris hilt first, because the blade will naturally point to the giver, allowing a potential foe to draw the weapon and stab him - Never give power to another, he will destroy you.)

"Keris panjang berkeluk, ke mana bawa ke mana olok"
A person who can be used for any purpose.

"Keris pedang tiada tajam, lebih tajam mulut manusia"
Words are sharper than weapons.

"Keris tersisip di dinding, pedang tajam dalam sarungnya"
Keris hanging on the wall, a sharp sword kept in its scabbard. (Foolish actions.)

"Menyisip keris tak bersarung di pinggang"
Keeping an unsheathed keris at your side. (Raising a child without providing knowledge will eventually trouble his parents.)

"Patah lidah alamat 'kan kalah, patah keris alamat 'kan mati"
A broken tongue means loss, a broken keris means death.
(When the tools are gone, the task will never be completed.)

Batangas Blade

Death Be Not Proud...(or Fancy)

At our training hall, this year has seen another cycle of observation, selection, and initiation into the Batangueno-style knife/gun combatives for a select group of new(er) students. As we prepare for our next long-awaited training session with Tito Jun in a few months, here is an article that conveys some of the "historical perspective". - JD

SAY the word barako and immediately three meanings come to mind: the strong-flavored and robust brew of the liberica coffee; the sex-driven adult male boar ready for breeding; and that certain brand of Batangueño, the rough and tough Filipino male from the province of Batangas. All three possess virility, strength, fearlessness — yes, even the coffee, whose flavor practically leaps up from the cup and straight onto one's tongue. All three carry within the pride of the Batangueños, who claim these qualities exclusively as their own.

It is the human barako, however, who is obviously the most fascinating, because he is at once simple and complex. In a province known to produce the export-quality balisong (fan knife), where every Batangueño is expected to be armed and efficient in the uses of the weapon made only in Batangas, the barako prefers the gun to protect himself and his loved ones.

In the old days, before the permit to carry guns was heavily enforced, the barako would never leave home without his .45 sticking out of the waistband of his pants, pulling his karsonsilyo or undershorts down. He must be prepared, even with his undershorts down, to fight back if someone throws a challenge, a balisong, or even a bullet (through a gun barrel of course) at him. This also means that he should be a good shot, a sharp shooter if necessary, because to stay alive and keep his image as a barako or strongman, he would need to keep shooting until his enemy falls or runs away. A true barako also fights his enemy (or enemies) in the open, and face to face.

In the book Batangas Forged in Fire, which features the province's most prominent families, among other things, a blueblood, Teodoro Kalaw (husband of former senator Eva Estrada-Kalaw) is photographed standing straight in the barako pose, ready to fire the revolver on his right hand, even as he totes his coat on his left arm. Such was the way of the elite barako: classy, but still deadly.

Barakos are also found in the pages of the nation's history, such as the known man of action, Gen. Miguel Malvar, the last military leader to surrender to the Americans. Even a Batangueno who couldn't walk showed kabarakuhan (bravery) in his own way. Although disabled by poliomyelitis, Apolinario Mabini was a man of thought who rose to supremacy as the brains behind the revolution and the first Philippine Republic.

Yet despite the show of virility and the stance of masculinity, the feared strongman known for his kills will often soften or tone down when faced with the woman who captured his heart. A barako is not rude toward the woman he loves. He is in fact gentle toward her and will do everything in his power to make his special woman feel important, even if it means carrying her books or pink, flowery handbag in public and ignoring the hoots of hecklers in the streets, although he is sure to confront them later when she is not around.

The barako is also loyal to his family. Although conflicts may arise between barako brothers and fathers, they all unite and fight for each other when trouble from outside forces threaten their family's pride, honor, and existence. In many instances, the barako will ignore tempting offers of dubious fortune in order to make sure his family's name remains untarnished. Indeed, the real barako would rather be poor than live with shame, just as he would rather die fighting than live in fear.

And fight the barakos did during World War II, ambushing and killing many Japanese soldiers. In retaliation, the Japanese massacred the city's population, taking the lives of 18,000 of its 25,000 residents. Lipa City was also razed to the ground, with only five houses out of hundreds of old mansions left standing afterward.

It was probably a sight that could have made anyone cry, but most probably not a barako, who is the sort of male who believes he is never ever supposed to shed a single tear, even during the wake of his own father, even in the face of their own death. The tears from the known strongmen, therefore, could mean only two things: One is that they are crocodile tears, designed to invoke pity. The other is that they belong to a fake barako.

Barakos can be bullheaded. After the peacetime elections of 1949, a group of barakos from wealthy families took to hills at the defeat of their presidential bet, Jose P. Laurel, whom they believed was cheated. Backed by formidable gun power, they were ready to fight the government head on. Only the messengers sent by their fellow blueblood barakos who wanted peace were able to stop the planned bloodbath.

Some towns and cities in the province have more barakos than the others. Among them is the town of San Juan, in the easternmost part of Batangas, that also known for its coconut wine or lambanog.

Batangas City also once had a prominent barako, who by his skill and probably, by luck, was able to live long enough to run for public office and win. This barako made sure the city enjoyed peace and order. When he died, Batangueños praised him for his leadership. Now it is his nephew who sits behind his former desk.

Youngsters who aspire to be barakos or want political clout someday are known as barakitos. These young ones are often seen with the barakos, who take them under their wing as alagang barako (novice barakos). Already quite rowdy, barakitos oftentimes get bolder during election season.

At present, however, Batangueños themselves believe there are only a few barakos left walking the streets of the province. The decrease in the barako population could probably be due to the fact that in their obsession to be supremo de barakos, most of them have killed each other (matira ang matibay or only the bravest remains standing); in worst cases, the killing could have included members of each other's family (ubusan ng lahi). Many barakos, after all, have failed to realize the difference between pride and foolishness. — Mei Magsino

Happy Mother's Day!

Mound of earth called ‘Kata’
Dangerous leopard who kills an animal and eats it raw
Your dress - dusted in camwood - resembles blood
Your silent waters, outwardly tranquil, kill so gently

My mother arrived from Bariba a long time ago
Kata mount, who kills with a knife
The eye of Death is regarded,
She trades indoors...kills outside
She is extremely old, yet she can outwrestle the evil traveller
Wrestling him to the ground
Circling him like a bird circles the World

Earth mound called Kata, we cover you with camwood
Woman who can kill the World
Who kills animals without using a knife.

(Translated from Yoruba by Jeff Davidson)

C'mon Over!

I'd like to invite you all (albeit a bit late) to a great networking site centering on Silat from the Malaysian perspective, where I just happen to have the distinct honor of serving as a humble moderator. If you want to gain some insight into Silat Melayu directly from the Source, it doesn't get any better than this.

Many of us remember just a short time ago, our teachers were a 20-hour plane ride away, and all we had were a scant few books and the occasional magazine article as references. Today the world seems a lot smaller. For better or for worse, thank G-d for the internet!

silat-melayu.ning.com

Tactical Pistol #2 - Seminar Review

The year is certainly off to a great start. Just this past weekend we had our first seminar of 2009, and it ranked up there as one of the best martial arts classes we’ve had in recent years. As with almost all of our seminars, this one was strictly “in-house”. We’ve come to prefer this. Not only does it save time and effort on promotion (and all the BS that goes along with it), but since we all know each other and train together on a regular basis, we can up the intensity to a degree not possible with outsiders. Not to mention the fact that not everyone “gets” the admittedly crude and generally offensive nihilism that passes for a sense of humor around here.

We are very fortunate to be able to study with the real experts in their respective fields. Last weekend was no exception. We were again privileged to learn from Sgt. Ungyo who reprised his previous seminar with an outstanding follow-up of Tactical Shooting for the Kali Practitioner. In the spirit of confidentiality, I won’t really get into what we learned, but rather why we liked it and benefited from it so much.

First of all, Sgt. Ungyo himself is an exemplary martial artist in every sense of the word. A US Army Ranger and SWAT operator, he has established an impressive career in law enforcement that includes serving as an instructor for the Wayne County Schoolcraft Police Academy and also one of the most demanding SWAT schools in the Midwest. Add that he has ranked at #1 in marksmanship for his department since 2006 and that’s an impeccable set of credentials.

Ungyo began training with us in 2004 after attending one of our workshops with Grand Tuhon Gaje. He plunged full force into the study of Pekiti-Tirsia Kali, and last summer was promoted to the rank of Lakan Guro of the Bothoan Batangas Training Hall following a grueling test, becoming the first person to have earned that rank since our inception.

In the past ten years I have attended a number of classes and seminars on tactical shooting, and some were better than others. Most of them reminded me of a typical FMA seminar that focuses on “techniques and tricks” rather than a comprehensive framework of movement and body-mechanics – otherwise known as a SYSTEM. It’s not necessarily the fault of the instructor. If you brought together 10 guys with no background in Kali, and asked me to teach a knife-fighting seminar, what else could I possibly show them except for a few simple techniques?

To his credit, Sgt. Ungyo has applied his considerable expertise in tactical shooting to develop what I consider to be a perfectly sound ‘pistol sub-system’ within Pekiti-Tirsia (or at least our expression of Pekiti-Tirsia) based on the unique body mechanics and skill sets that we’ve already cultivated over years of training.

As a testament to this method, the crowning moment of the seminar involved one of our Kapatids who we’ll call simply ‘DM’. DM is recognized as being a highly skilled Kali practitioner who is arguably the worst shot in our group! With Sgt. Ungyo’s patient tutelage, by the end of the afternoon DM was moving, double-tapping, and scoring center-of-mass hits on the target without looking!

As I’ve said time and time again, Pekiti-Tirsia is not stick-fighting, nor knife-fighting, nor empty-hand fighting. It’s not techniques, nor drills. Pekiti-Tirsia is Mindset and Body-Mechanics. Kudos to practitioners like Sgt. Ungyo for understanding, adapting, and being able to transmit that very idea.

Pekiti-Tirsia History

There is probably only one person that can claim to have the true, authoritative history of Pekiti-Tirsia - and that is the Man pictured above. The following account is as detailed as I've come across - so here it is. I chose a picture of Tuhon for this post because more than any symbol, or logo, or written word...he is the Art!

The Pekiti-Tirsia Kali system is one of the few remaining authentic and complete Filipino combat systems in existence today. Pekiti-Tirsia is system and technology of combat fighting with the Blade. It encompasses all traditional weapon categories and is formulated on the strategic principle of the Triangle. The triangle serves as the basis for footwork, striking, and the tactical principles of close quarters combat.

The Lineage

The Pekiti-Tirsia system of Kali originates from the provinces of Panay and Negros Occidental in the Philippines and was formulated and perfected by the Tortal family. The family patriarch and Grandmaster of Pekiti-Tirsia, Grand Tuhon Conrado B. Tortal, passed this system and its attributes onto his only grandson, the sole heir and its present guardian, Grand Tuhon Leo Tortal Gaje, Jr.

Pekiti-Tirsia is a traditional family system of Filipino martial art that traces its existence back to a time and era when carry and use of the bladed weapon was common and required among most men. Oral history of the Tortal family testifies to four generations practicing the family system of Pekiti-Tirsia. Norberto Tortal taught the system to his son Segundino Tortal. Segundino taught his five sons; Balbino, Tedoricio, Francisco, Quirino, and Conrado. Of the five brothers, Conrado was chosen as inheritor of the system with Balbino as one of his principal training partners.

Balbino was later shot and killed by Japanese soldiers in the area of Barangay Conception, Talisay, Negros Occidental, in 1945 after disarming a Japanese officer of his samurai sword and killing two soldiers who attempted to bayonet him.

These generations of Tortal family leaders utilized the laboratory method of research and testing of combat Bladefighting tactics and techniques. Through friendly instructional exchanges, sparring duels with other recognized family and system leaders, and direct combat resulting in the death of the enemy, the system of Pekiti-Tirsia was continually trained, executed, and validated.

Grandtuhon Conrado B. Tortal or Tay Dadoy as he was popularly known, was a highly respected man in the western Visayas and northern Mindanao regions of the Philippine Islands. Born in 1897 in Tigbawan, province of Iloilo, Panay, the Tortal later emigrated to Negros Occidental where they owned and cultivated several agricultural properties.

As was common for the time, Tay Dadoy was fluent in English, Spanish, and his native dialect Illongo, as well as Cebuano and other regional dialects of northern Mindanao where he travelled for commerce and as a Christian Missionary. Grand Tuhon Tortal later served as the first Chief of Police of Victorias, home of the largest Sugar Central (Mill) in Negros Occidental with a reputation as a strict disciplinarian yet compassionate mediator.

Tay Dadoy expertise in the Filipino Fighting Arts was well known and recognized through several encounters such as his public defeat of two of the Lizares brothers, a prominent political ruling family from Talisay, Negros Occidental, in 1928. After attempting to take control of a Tortal property, Conrado, with hardwood Espada y Daga engaged both the Lizares brothers armed with Bolo and disarmed them by direct strikes to the hand and body yet spared their lives. In 1933 Conrado Tortal defeated Tansiong Padilla, authority for the Aldobon style from Panay, in a highly publicized duel arranged by the mayor of Bago, Negros Occidental.

Grand Tuhon Leo T. Gaje Jr.

In 1938 in Legaspi, Albay, Grand Tuhon Leo Tortal Gaje was born to Feliza G. Tortal (the daughter and only child of Conrado Tortal) and Leopoldo P. Gaje, Sr. Shortly after his birth and the subsequent death of his twin sister and his mother Feliza, Leo was taken into custody and raised by his grandfather Conrado. From the age of six years old Leo was trained in the system of Pekiti-Tirsia. From the ages six to nine he was trained exclusively in footwork. Daily he was placed on top a wooden table with Conrado striking at his feet as he mastered the strategic maneuvering patterns that remain one of the signatures of the Pekiti-Tirsia system. Leo was then trained in the Doce Methodos, Contradas, and other advanced combat methods twice a day beginning in the mornings before school and continuing late into the evening throughout his secondary, high school, and college studies.

At the passing of Tay Dadoy, Leo Tortal Gaje, Jr. inherited the treasure and legacy of Pekiti-Tirsia. At this time, family combat systems in the Philippines were closed to only those that shared genetic history and chosen for their discipline to keep and protect the family secrets. For the next decade Tuhon Gaje kept this promise and soon entered business where he served as President of the Confederation of Free Trade Workers Union and Executive Vice-President of the Bataan Free Trade Zone Industrial Development Corporation. Here he trained his own Security Forces for the escort of cash funds, trained Bodyguards and Protective Teams for local and provincial politicians, and, in his own words wrecking crew of confidants that provided his personal security.

In 1972, Tuhon Gaje emigrated to the United States of America and settled in New York City. Upon seeing the popularity of the martial arts sweeping America at the time, he envisioned the success of Filipino martial arts and recognition of the cultural and martial achievements of the Filipino people through the superiority of its combat systems. In keeping with the philosophy of the Pekiti-Tirsia system and its belief in Life, Health, and Success, Tuhon Gaje opened the door of knowledge to a select few of advanced Black Belt students and embarked to offer to the world, those that persevere, the mastery process of Kali.

Continuing now into a fourth decade, Grand Tuhon Leo T. Gaje has been the leader in promoting and teaching authentic Filipino Fighting Art around the globe not solely in the martial arts field but throughout the Military and Law Enforcement professions as well. During this time he has joined together with other Filipino Grandmasters in this endeavor and until this day works with the highest levels of the Philippine government in the promotion, recognition, and preservation of the cultural legacy of Filipino Martial Arts.

Grand Tuhon Gaje was the leading Filipino Martial Arts authority in the 1970 in the eastern region of the United States at the same time Guro Dan Inosanto and other Filipino Grandmasters were doing the same in the western region (New York and California being home of the largest Filipino communities in the US). Since the introduction of Filipino Martial Arts to the US and across the globe Pekiti-Tirsia has hallmarked many first in this history.


Grand Tuhon Gaje was the first to organize and conduct large-scale promotions and demonstrations of Filipino martial arts in the eastern US in such venues as New York Lincoln Center and displayed the first ever public demonstration of full-contact Filipino stickfighting at the Great Gorge, New Jersey Playboy Club.

Grand Tuhon Gaje was the first to open a Filipino Martial Arts school at the Philippine Consulate in New York City and first to promote Filipino martial arts among other martial discipline national organizations. Grand Tuhon Gaje joined with other recognized leaders such as Alex Sternberg of the Jewish Karate Federation and Grandmaster Robert Trias of the United States Karate Association conducting training programs for senior Black Belt students and joint public demonstrations. Grand Tuhon Gaje was recognized as style head of the Filipino martial arts for the United States Karate Association (USKA) by Grandmaster Trias and was inducted into the Indonesian Pendekar Banting, association of Indonesian Silat Pendekars.

In 1979 Grand Tuhon Gaje was a principal organizer, with other Grandmasters, of the First National Arnis (Kali) Tournament in the Philippines sponsored by NARAPHIL (National Arnis Association of the Philippines). Tom Bisio, a student of Grand Tuhon Gaje for 3 and 1/2 years, won as Grand Champion of the Instructor division against a field of senior instructor competitors. In 1980 Grand Tuhon Gaje was appointed NARAPHIL Commissioner for North and South America and promoted the Filipino Martial Arts extensively throughout these continents. Throughout the 80s the first generation of Pekiti-Tirsia students and instructors dominated the full-contact stickfighting tournament scene across the US defining their reputation with speed, power, and footwork.

Grand Tuhon Gaje was the first to introduce the Filipino martial arts to the New York Police Department (NYPD) and conduct department endorsed training programs. This program led to Grand Tuhon Gaje development of the Safety Baton and Edged Weapon Awareness/Strategic Knife Defense programs the FIRST Defensive Tactics system based on safety and liability reduction at a time when the accepted methods targeted the vital areas of the body resulting in substantial liability to police officers and departments. Grand Tuhon Gaje was later appointed National Training Director for the Justice System Training Association and the U.S. Police Defensive Tactics Association leading to his position as Technical Advisor and appearance in the Calibre Press video SURVIVING EDGED WEAPONS in 1988. This highly acclaimed video substantiated the threat of edged weapons to the law enforcement community and established Grand Tuhon Gaje as the leading authority on edged weapons defensive tactics.

Throughout the 1990 until today, Grand Tuhon Gaje has been the leading propagator of authentic Filipino Martial Arts based on the use of the Blade, in the Republic of the Philippines. Through hundreds of radio, print, TV, demonstrations, festivals, tournaments, and training programs conducted at the local, provincial, and national level, Grand Tuhon Gaje has been the leading voice for the education and recognition of Kali and the indigenous Filipino Martial Art systems. Throughout this time he has been endorsed and recognized at every level of the Philippines government including recently as recipient of an Exemplary Achievement Award from the Office of the President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, for worldwide promotion of Pekiti-Tirsia Kali and the Filipino Martial Arts.

Today in the Philippines, Grand Tuhon Gaje system of Pekiti-Tirsia is the ONLY Filipino Martial Art system recognized as official warfighting doctrine by the Armed Forces of the Philippines. The Military Edged-Impact Weapon System of Pekiti-Tirsia is the official close-quarters combat system of the Force Reconnaissance Battalion, Philippine Marine Corps (PMC) and is part of the official PMC Schools command being taught at Enlisted Basic Training and the Officer Basic Course. The success of this program has spurned training requests from all other branch services of the AFP and the Philippine National Police (PNP). Today, the Filipino Fighting man is now recognized as a world leader in close-quarter combat skills. Since the program inception in 1998, the Philippine Force Recon Marines have trained US special operations forces and other combat arms units up to battalion level in Close-Quarters-Combat demonstrating the superiority of the Filipino martial technology as acknowledged by the US unit trainers and commanding officers. Presently, Grand Tuhon serves as a Senior Advisor to the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police conducting advanced training programs for operational units engaged in the Global War on Terrorism.

Happy Anniversary

They say that men are notoriously bad at remembering anniversaries, and for the most part they are right. The year 2009 however, is a significant year in that it marks two important milestones.

On a personal note, it marks 30 years that I have been involved in the serious study and practice of the Martial Arts. In January of 1979, I announced my decision to begin weightlifting to my mother. After much debate and consideration, I ‘settled’ on taking Karate lessons at the local Jewish Community Center. In retrospect the deciding factor was that a set of weights was $50.00 and Karate training was $15.00 per month. Back at the tail end of the 1970's, you didn’t see a lot of children in martial arts classes like you do today. The instructor initially refused to accept me due to my age, but Mom finally convinced him on the grounds that I had already been studying the guitar for 2 years and was disciplined about practicing, etc. Seven years later, I got my black-belt and took over teaching the program. In the eight years that I taught there, easily 500 students passed through my dojo on the second floor of the Oak Park JCC.

The second milestone is that 2009 is the 10-year anniversary of the founding of our Pekiti-Tirsia chapter in Michigan. Back in the 70's Michigan was a major hub for Pekiti-Tirsia, and I had the feeling that the time was right to bring the Art back here in a big way. I contacted Grand Tuhon Gaje directly, and he officially christened us as the Detroit Maphilindo Pitbulls. Once he had re-established himself here in the States, we had the pleasure of hosting him 2 and 3 times a year for a good stretch, in addition to following him all over the country: Indiana, Maryland, New York, and eventually on his home turf in the Philippines.

It was a new era, so to speak. Instead of the drills and exercises that were once considered the mainstay of Pekiti-Tirsia in the previous decades, there was a new terminology, refined theories, and a sleek, streamlined curriculum called The Tri-V Methodology. Gone were the 64-Attacks, knife-tapping, and about 80% of the old curriculum. Ever the innovator, Grand Tuhon Gaje had refined the Art to a high degree. In my opinion, a student coming in fresh and beginning with the Tri-V Methodology develops all the skill and knowledge as someone from the old-school, but in literally a fraction of the time. It’s a short, direct road to the same goal, which is the foundation for our training in the Brotherhood of the Blade.

We thank all of teachers, students, friends and supporters for helping us to reach these milestones even as we look forward to the next chapter...

Happy Anniversary!

Tactical Pistol #2

By Popular demand our next Tactical Pistol Seminar will take place on Sunday, February 8th, 2009. Contact me for details regarding time and place. I myself am really looking forward to this!

Thanksgiving

Kuya Doug Marcaida

Thanksgiving. Of the many things we have to be thankful for this year, we have to give recognition to one individual in particular to whom we owe an incalculable debt. Our friend, teacher, mentor, and “senior advisor” to the Detroit Maphilindo Pitbulls - Kuya Doug Marcaida.

Kuya Doug has been a Guiding Light to us since the earliest days of our training. He is a flawless practitioner, brilliant strategist, master tactician, and tireless researcher into the theory and practice of the Art of Kali. As someone who I feel embodies the spirit of The Thought Provoking Process, to say that Kuya’s ideas are out-of-the-box would be a gross understatement. He destroyed the box!

In our formative years, we literally followed Grand Tuhon Gaje all over the Midwest, interacting with different Pekiti-Tirsia “clans” both large and small. In the Fall of 2003, after training with Kuya Doug in person for the first time, I asked for Tuhon’s blessing to bring my students under Doug’s banner (along with Ka Jay Saludo). Tuhon gave his blessing, and added “You know Jeff, you are very wise to follow the Filipinos!” Indeed.

So Kuya, thanks for another great year of learning, growing and sharing. I am certain we will have many, many more to come - God Willing.

Self Defense over the Next Four Years

















This website is primarily one to promote the art of Pekiti-Tirsia Kali. Keeping that in mind, our Grandmaster, Leo Gaje Jr, often says, "I believe in life, and you believe in life. When I carry a blade and you carry a blade, I have to respect you, and you have to respect me. So this philosophy is the bridging mechanism for developing respect. After we have practiced respect, it [this philosophy] brings about care and concern."

We have just elected a President who hates the notions of self defense and gun control. Senator Obama's record on gun control is as follows (from rightpundits.com):

• 1994 to 2001 - Obama was on the board of the anti-gun Joyce Foundation. This foundation is the largest funding source for radical anti-gun groups in the country.
• 1996 - Obama supported a ban on the manufacture, sale and possession of handguns.
• 1999 - Obama proposed a 500 percent increase in the excise taxes on firearms and ammunition. This tax would effectively punish gun owners for buying guns and ammunition.
• 2003 - Obama voted in support of legislation that would have banned privately owned hunting shotguns, target rifles and black powder rifles in Illinois.
• 2004 - Obama voted against legislation intended to protect homeowners from prosecution in cases where they used a firearm to halt a home invasion.

Senator Obama's stance has no logical explanation behind it. A recent Free Press article declared called "Michigan Sees Fewer Gun Deaths... With More Permits" declared that

"Six years after new rules made it much easier to get a license to carry concealed weapons, the number of Michiganders legally packing heat has increased more than six-fold.

But dire predictions about increased violence and bloodshed have largely gone unfulfilled, according to law enforcement officials and, to the extent they can be measured, crime statistics.

The incidence of violent crime in Michigan in the six years since the law went into effect has been, on average, below the rate of the previous six years. The overall incidence of death from firearms, including suicide and accidents, also has declined.

More than 155,000 Michiganders -- about one in every 65 -- are now authorized to carry loaded guns as they go about their everyday affairs, according to Michigan State Police records. About 25,000 people had CCW permits in Michigan before the law changed in 2001."

Contrast this with the violent crime rate of Washington D.C. or Chicago, places with the strictest gun control laws in the country. Gun crime has also been soaring in the UK, an entire country with strict gun control laws. It's clear that the logic behind gun control is false. So, why would Senator Obama want to proscribe the ability of people to defend themselves?



Occam's Razor would state that, if gun control doesn't reduce gun deaths, then there are only other two possibilities for Senator Obama's opposition toward firearms ownership. One of them is ignorance, which I refuse to believe. I don't think it's possible that a man in his position can be that grossly misinformed. The other possibility is simply a desire for control over peoples' lives. That seems to contrast what I always thought the Founding Fathers had in idea for this country.



Self-defense is the most basic of all human of rights. Without the ability to defend yourself, you don't have any other rights. After all, what good are they if you aren't physically able to exercise them?



Buy your guns and bullets now before Obama, Pelosi, and Reid ensure that it's too expensive for you to do so. Then ride out the next 4 years until we get a new president.

I leave you with this short documentary on how Gun Free Zones work:

A Rave Review

Here I am stealing a post from our own private forum. One student's feeling's on the recent Gathering in New York:

Hey everyone, just wanted to share a thought about the gathering. My start in PTK began with touring a couple of the other seminars with my buddy Anthony. But it wasn't doing it for us, then we found Kuya Doug. I bring this up for a reason. Watching Tuhon at the gathering was awesome, he was demonstrating at top form and looked as slick and deadly as i've seen from him yet! If you have been to other seminara, you may have noticed the difference. There's a lot of drills and Tuhon is more reserved. Now i'm not downing any other group but I just want to point out what we got from him was a privilege. I think the personality and spirit of the Brotherhood brings out a certain side of Tuhon that not every PTK student gets to experience! The attitude of the Brotherhood seemed to open up a window into just how amazing of an instructor and practitioner Tuhon is. So thanks to the leadership and students that inspired Tuhon to share his best with us. I look forward to seeing you all again and can't wait to see what we can pull out of Tuhon next time!

Kenny

"The Video" - Compiled by Kuya Doug

The Best Gathering Yet!

In a word, it was simply the best. To my students who are reading this - please send me your pictures so that I can do a more illustrated review.

Seeing is Believing

At a recent class, we were working on Pekiti-Tirsia's "3d Hand" principle against multiple knife thrusts. The usual plan is to render the opponent blind, or otherwise knock him senseless and then range-out in an explosive manner to "welcome" the next opponent. For this particular class however, I decided to show how kuncian (locking) from Silat Kuntau Tekpi could be applied against a knife attack. After waylaying the knife, instead of ranging-out you immobilize, then lock him down from his core. Some of the newer students were seeing (and feeling) Silat Kuntau Tekpi for the first time.

The next day, one of the students sent me the following note:

Guru,

After bugging you for awhile to demonstrate Silat Kuntau Tepki to me, now that I have seen it, I am almost sorry I asked. I can only describe this martial art in one word, cruel.

I have been exposed to joint locks, but it appeared that almost every technique you demonstrated worked on destroying the entire body rather than focusing on a single point.

The interesting thing about this was the simplicity of getting the opponent - actually victim - into the positions you want them in. Unlike some of the grappling arts I have seen, most of these moves happened without any setup, you just went directly into them.

After seeing this I must say that I would rather be beaten with a stick or cut up with a knife than face a Tepki practitioner and have my body broken in this ferociously painful manner.

With all of this being stated, I will say that everything I was shown was brutally effective. If a person wanted to end a fight immediately in such a way as to make even the onlookers wince in pain, then this is the art to use.

Just my thoughts on what I witnessed.

LM

Take note

It’s Thursday night. You put on your black BDU/cammo pants, or maybe some sweats. You run downstairs to that pile of clothes near the washing machine - surely there has to be one Pekiti-Tirsia t-shirt in that pile that doesn’t still reek from a previous training session. Ah - this one isn’t so bad! Now, step into those comfortable training shoes and you’re ready to proceed...

You give your gear bag a quick once-over: sticks (check); training knives (check); folding knives (check); balisong (check); tekpis (check); long staff (check); bolo (check); gloves (check); eye protection (check); mouthguard (check); bottle of water (check); notebook (check); money to pay dues (check); money for going out after class (check); You make a mental note to wash your mouthguard tonight...

Ignoring the nagging feeling that you forgot something, you hurl your gear bag in the backseat and take off like a bat-out-of-hell for class. You want to get there on time, because you know what happens to people that arrive after warm-ups have started. Your mind is racing...’what will we do in class tonight?’ Will it be knife-tapping? Footwork? Maybe those double-stick drills we’ve been doing all summer? Or perhaps tonight’s class is going to be one of those ‘burn sessions’ that push your endurance to the edge. Good thing you didn’t eat before training. You silently hope that one of the instructors will finally teach you that hand combination you got creamed with last week.

Great! You pull up to the training hall with 15 minutes to spare. Why is it so easy to find a place to park tonight? You sprint toward the door, wondering who is already there warming up. Why isn’t the back light on? Something’s not right...With a sense of urgency you try the door - only to find that it’s locked! What? Hello? It is Thursday...it’s 7pm...did they cancel class? Did I miss a call?

No. You just forgot that starting this week we will training at the Philippine American Community Center in Southfield on Thursday nights! Class is 7:30-9pm. See you there...

Improve Your Golf Game with Pekiti-Tirsia

I received the following letter from one of my long time students, who marvels at how training in Pekiti-Tirsia can improve your stick work outside of the training hall:

Hey guru,
I know golf isn't your game, but i just wanted to pass on this bit of info that I have been forgetting to mention in class. Pekiti-Tirsia has totally improved my golf game. How you ask, well i will tell you. On my drives especially, i used to be tense and keep my shoulders up, this is not good for either Pekiti nor golf. Since working with you on keeping my shoulders down during Pekiti, i have done the same for my golf swing and it has made a huge difference. Plus, i practice the different angles with my golf clubs on the course between shots, this brings some pretty strange looks from both my playing partners as well as the other golfers on the course, but f**k 'em.


Thanks again for your help with the shoulder thang,
Larry

Well done Larry! Please keep us posted on your progress and we'll see you on the links.
Mabuhay! - Guro

...'The Summer's Goooooone...'

This summer has been busy as heck and I have had no time to update this blog - since my last post. Things aren’t any less busy now, but anyway:

* We promoted 3 well deserving individuals to the rank of Instructor (Guro), and one to Apprentice Instructor (Lakan Guro). Congratulations guys. You sure as hell earned it.

* We strengthened ties in various ways with our brethren in the United States, Europe, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia.

* Cikgu Omar Hakim and I recorded another Silat Kuntau Tekpi podcast by popular demand. Omar will hopefully have it up soon.

* We wrote and produced an official student manual with Rules and Regulations, History, Terminology, Lineage, and Protocol for our club.

* We accepted an unprecedented number of beginners this summer, and it looks like everyone is hanging in for the long haul.

And most importantly - we are teaching less and less. What this means is that every year or so, we are constantly revising our curriculum to include less ‘material’. The challenge is to produce a fully competent practitioner in a shorter period of time. It can be said that our Craft is not based on techniques, but rather on an understanding of theory and crucial body-mechanics. Therefore we have greatly stripped down the syllabus to address the core requirements, allowing the student to develop faster - plus there’s less stuff for us teachers to have to remember!

Alas, on a sad note, it looks like starting this week we will be back to training inside (damn!)

We have a busy fall lined up. I’ll try my best to keep everyone posted.

"A Mouth That Turns Into a Knife Will Cut Its Own Lips"

The full discovery of Leku led me to the mysterious world of herbs and magic, secrecy and healing. She was a supernatural being, but not the kind described in the literature. Indeed, no literature then or now has been able to record, capture or analyze the women in Leku’s category. And half of what I later found out I cannot reveal. Each time I feel like revealing the full essence I am tormented by an over-powering feeling of awe and danger. Most of my misfortunes, all my negative feelings, and my anticipation of troubles I attribute to a part of me that desires to reveal what I know about her. Perhaps I will, but not today...not even tomorrow. Nobody tells all he knows.

- Toyin Falola
A Mouth Sweeter Than Salt: An African Memoir

Pekiti-Tirsia Michigan Q and A

I’m far too busy [lazy] to write something new for this blog so I will post some of my responses to an interview of sorts that took place via email:

What has your training been like in Michigan with Grand Tuhon Gaje?

I believe it was in 2001 that we started bringing Tuhon Gaje here. From 2001 to about 2005 we would bring him in 2-3 times per year, as his schedule permitted. Typically he would give a weekend group seminar, and generally stay at my house for up to 2 weeks. I learned so much in those days. The best training happens at odd hours and strange places. Seminars are good for what I would call a part-time student. If you are really serious however, get as much one-on-one time as you can handle. You will treasure it forever.

There was a guy I remember from the 2001 seminar who came in from out of state. As I recall he had studied Pekiti with a 3d or 4th generation instructor and this was his first time meeting Grandmaster Gaje. During a break, he said to me “I’ve been doing these techniques for 15 years and I’m just now seeing how it’s supposed to be done.

The thing about Tuhon Gaje and seminars is that if there are people present that he has no history with, he can be somewhat reserved about what he shows. That’s one of the reasons we eventually decided not to open his seminars here to the general public. My senior students decided that they were willing to make the extra financial sacrifice in order to keep the seminars strictly in-house. In fact, as far as public relations go my students are complete failures. A few years ago we used to share space with a branch of the Kronx Gym, but in 2004 the students decided to build a training hall so that we wouldn’t be working out in public. At the end of the day, it all paid off in spades. Now when we have seminars, instead of trying to figure out who’s who, we pick right up from the last one.

How is he as far as critiquing?

As much as Tuhon Gaje tears you down physically, he also encourages you. He’ll pat you on the back and say “You are the best!” Now with that, you can take it the wrong way...you can walk away saying to yourself ‘Wow, Tuhon says I’m the best’ and let it go to your head as you go off the deep end. I’ve seen that happen many times. Or, you can take it with a grain of salt and stay humble and keep learning.

So you never allowed his compliments to go to your head?

Actually, in my case, he pretty much said “You know, you’re not that good now but you have potential.”

So how did you set about to develop that potential?

Pekiti-Tirsia is a big pond. There are a lot of sub-groups and not everyone is on the same page. I had the great fortune to establish ties with Jay Saludo in Canada and Doug Marcaida in New York. The three of us have always shared common goals as far as development, and we corresponded for months before we all met for the first time - sharing and testing ideas. Not only is Kuya Doug a flawless practitioner, but he lives by what Tuhon Gaje calls the Thought Provoking Process. Without the TPP, the Art can become dogmatic and cease to be functional. Kuya Doug is fully functional in every aspect of weapons and empty hands. He’s always testing, always researching.

Later when I went to Texas to train with Guro Omar Hakim and I met Ricky Rillera and Robert Slomkowski - that gave me an additional perspective. Those guys are all about footwork, timing, and explosion. They do drills in the same spirit that professional athletes prepare for their events...the drill is NOT the fight...the FIGHT is the fight! Any coach will tell you that its all about form. Even an untrained person can see that the guys in Texas are absolutely brutal, but until you train with them you don’t realize how concerned they are with form as well.


Do you incorporate Silat Kuntau Tekpi into your Pekiti-Tirsia practice?

The short answer is yes, but you have to view Silat in its proper context. Just like Kali, there are styles and there are systems, and they can vary greatly from one to the next. Generally speaking on the physical level, you can blend silat techniques with other martial arts pretty smoothly if you know what you’re doing. On a philosophical level, what I have been taught in terms of the combat rationale of Silat is very different from Pekiti-Tirsia. I believe Silat is a cultural/religious expression first and foremost. In my experience very few Indonesian and Malaysian pesilat consider themselves “martial artists” the way people here think of themselves. Silat is a component of their way of life - it’s not the Way itself. This context is missing in Silat in the United States.

So is it cultural or religious?

Both. Traditionally, Silat informs the way you relate to your religion and your community. I don’t know if we need to import all of the cultural decorum associated with Silat in Malay lands, but it would be nice if we could use the traditional model to create something of that here. That’s what I’m trying to do with my students.

It makes for better students?

It makes for better human beings.

MAY 1ST

Unfortunately most people remember this date only as May Day, but May 1st is also Holocaust Remembrance Day.

I'm glad that there is a day set aside to remember and honor those who suffered and died during those horrible years. However, as far as I'm concerned, every day is a day to remember the Holocaust. To me, "Never forget" means don't ever forget. Ever.

To anyone who ever lost relatives in the Shoah, I salute you.

Lest We Forget...

WARSAW (AFP) - The last commander of the 1943 Warsaw ghetto uprising, Marek Edelman, on Saturday honoured the memory of his comrades who died fighting Nazi Germany in the doomed Jewish stand against the Holocaust.

Joined by family members, hundreds of bystanders and city officials, Edelman marked the 65th anniversary of the revolt at the imposing monument to the ghetto fighters, unveiled in 1948.

Braving driving rain, the silent participants first laid flowers at the monument.

The frail Edelman, 85, was then pushed in his wheelchair to the site of the bunker where the leader of the revolt, 24-year-old Mordechaj Anielewicz, and 80 comrades had committed suicide as Nazi forces closed in.

The crowd then walked to the site of the "Umschlagplatz", the railway siding from which the Nazis sent more than 300,000 Jews to the Treblinka death camp in northeastern Poland.

Edelman, who took command after Anielewicz's death, rarely attends high-profile official ceremonies, preferring to remember his comrades in a lower-key fashion on April 19, the day the revolt actually began.

This year's official event was held on Tuesday, in the presence of Poland's President Lech Kaczynski and Israel's Shimon Peres.

That ceremony had been brought forward because the actual anniversary fell on a Saturday, which is the Jewish Sabbath.

On the eve of World War II, Poland was Europe's Jewish heartland.

It was home to 3.5 million Jews, and Warsaw alone had a community of around 400,000.

After invading Poland in 1939, Nazi Germany set up ghettos nationwide to isolate the country's Jews and facilitate the "Final Solution" -- half of the six million Jews who died in the Holocaust were Polish.

At its height, more than 450,000 were crammed into the walled Warsaw ghetto.

About 100,000 died inside from starvation, disease and in summary executions. Most of the rest were sent to Treblinka in mass deportations which began in 1942.

In the ghetto, a handful of Jewish paramilitary groups, mostly made up of young people -- Edelman was just 20 -- coalesced into a poorly-armed force of around 1,000.

The banner of one group was a blue Star of David on a white background, which caused Nazi ire when it was hoisted during the revolt. It became the flag of Israel.

On Saturday, youths handed out paper armbands emblazoned with the symbol, which participants wore as they formed a human chain around the monument while sirens wailed and a Polish army honour guard fired a salute.

The ghetto fighters first clashed with the Nazis on January 18-22, 1943, managing to hinder the deportations.

On April 19, 1943, they took up arms again, as the Nazis moved to wipe out the remaining 60,000 ghetto dwellers.

"We knew perfectly well that there was no way we could win," Edelman told AFP in a recent interview.

"It was a symbol of the fight for freedom. A symbol of standing up to Nazism, and of not giving in," he said.

The fighters held out as 3,000 Nazi troops razed the ghetto with explosives and fire.

Following Anielewicz's suicide on May 8, Edelman and several dozen comrades escaped through the sewers. The Nazis marked their "victory over the Jews" by blowing up Warsaw's main synagogue on May 16.

Around 7,000 Jews died in the revolt, most of them burned alive, and more than 50,000 were sent to Treblinka.

Besides denting the Nazis' sense of superiority, the fighters managed to inflict some damage, killing and injuring a combined 300 troops.

Sporadic clashes continued in the ghetto ruin until the autumn.

Edelman and many other survivors later took part in the Warsaw uprising, launched on August 1, 1944 by the Polish underground.

That failed 63-day revolt and the Germans' brutal response cost the lives of 200,000 civilians and 18,000 resistance members, and saw the near-total destruction of Warsaw by the Nazis.

THE SECRET - according to Tuhon

"The highest form includes everything: the techniques, the strategy of combat, awareness, anticipation, and control of one’s mind. All these come together to form the highest level of the Art.
Meditation becomes the natural tool of the trained fighter. It is the control and calmness of the mind that can make one victorious in combat. I do not consider meditation to be the end all of learning or of martial arts. It is a tool, a medium to be used to achieve the highest levels of skill.
One must combine his physical, mental, and spiritual being to become complete and attain the higher levels of learning. Without spiritual strength, mental and physical strength wane and disappear with age without any trace."


From an interview with Grand Tuhon Leo T. Gaje Jr. in Masters of Arnis, Kali, & Eskrima by Edgar G. Sulite